logo Datameteo Datameteo previsioni meteo


Sei in Dati Sinottici: Mondo » Europe » Russia
Dati attuali realtime da Synop aggiornati ogni 6 ore. 		Vai a: Previsioni » Clima » Dati attuali » MeteoVid

Dati sinottici per Russia (06/04/2026 06:15 UTC):
Località
Location 		Tempo Presente
Present Weather 		Temp.
Temp. 		Vento
Winds 		Umidità
Humidity 		Visibiltà
Visibility 		Prec.
Prec.
Abramovskij Majak slight shower(s) of snow 0.5 ° SE (130°) 3 m/s 100% 4 km since 12 hour(s): 0.1 mm
Adler 8/8 stratocumulus (not foa… 11.6 ° 96% 10 km
Ahty
Alatyr slight rain 1.2 ° SW (220°) 8 m/s 93% 10 km since 12 hour(s): 4 mm
Aleksandrov-Gaj
Ambrolauri 8.4 ° NNW (340°) 1 m/s 98%
Anapa
Anna 0.4 ° WSW (250°) 2 m/s 81% 10 km
Aparan 4.6 ° NW (320°) 3 m/s 50% 20 km
Apatitovaya slight shower(s) of snow -1.1 ° E (90°) 2 m/s 94% 4 km since 12 hour(s): 2 mm
Arhangel'Sk 8/8 stratocumulus (not foa… 0.7 ° SE (130°) 2 m/s 99% 10 km
Armavir
Arzamas slight rain 2.5 ° W (260°) 7 m/s 97% 10 km since 12 hour(s): 12 mm
Aspindza 1.6 ° 96% 4 km
Astrahan
Babaevo 6/8 altocumulus (predomina… -1.8 ° 101% 20 km
Balasov
Barencburg -6.8 ° SSE (160°) 9 m/s 68% 400 m
Belogorka 2/8 stratocumulus (not foa… 2.7 ° S (180°) 3 m/s 93% 10 km since 12 hour(s): 0.8 mm
Belozersk cirrocumulus (as predomina… -3.0 ° SSE (150°) 1 m/s 100% 10 km
Belyj
Blagodarnyj
Bogucar 3.2 ° W (270°) 2 m/s 63% 20 km
Bokovskaja
Bologoe
Borisoglebsk 2.9 ° W (270°) 2 m/s 76% 10 km
Borovici 7/8 or more but not 8/8 aa… 0.9 ° SSE (150°) 1 m/s 97% 20 km
Brjansk 3/8 altocumulus (predomina… 1.5 ° SSE (160°) 1 m/s 75% 10 km
Budennovsk 7.3 ° W (270°) 3 m/s 85% 10 km
Bugrino mist -6.4 ° S (180°) 3 m/s 96% 2 km
Buj 0/8 altostratus (predomina… 2.5 ° 100% 20 km
Cageri 9.3 ° 0 m/s 99%
Cerepovec mist -1.8 ° 99% 4100 m
Cernyj Jar
Cimljansk
Danilovka
Demjansk 2.0 ° ESE (110°) 1 m/s 96% since 12 hour(s): 0.1 mm
Derbent
Dimitrovgrad 8/8 stratocumulus (not foa… 3.7 ° SW (220°) 2 m/s 89% 10 km since 12 hour(s): 6 mm
Divnoe mist 7.1 ° W (280°) 2 m/s 77% 4 km
Dno 4.8 ° S (190°) 2 m/s 80%
Dosang
Dvinskij Bereznik state of the sky on the wa… 1.3 ° ESE (110°) 1 m/s 93% 10 km
Efimovskaja -0.9 ° SE (130°) 1 m/s 100%
Efremov 1.4 ° WSW (250°) 3 m/s 81% 10 km since 12 hour(s): 0.4 mm
Ejsk
El'Ton
Elan
Elat'Ma mist 3.1 ° W (280°) 5 m/s 92% 4 km
Elec 2/8 patches of altocumulua… 0.4 ° SW (220°) 2 m/s 85% 10 km since 12 hour(s): 0.6 mm
Elista 5.5 ° NNW (340°) 5 m/s 86% 20 km
Emeck mist -1.5 ° NE (50°) 1 m/s 97% 1200 m
Ersov
Frolovo
Gagarin mist -0.9 ° SSE (160°) 1 m/s 96% 4 km
Gdov 2/8 stratocumulus (not foa… 4.0 ° SSW (200°) 5 m/s 87% 20 km
Georgievsk
Gorodovikovsk
Gotnja 1.0 ° SW (220°) 2 m/s 66% 20 km
Groznyj
Gudermes
Gunib
Gurdzhaani NNW (330°) 4 m/s
Gus'- Hrustal'Nyj
Holm shower(s) of rain during a… 3.7 ° S (180°) 1 m/s 93% 20 km since 12 hour(s): 1 mm
Holmogory 5/8 cumulonimbus (tops fia… 1.6 ° ESE (110°) 1 m/s 99% 20 km since 12 hour(s): 0.4 mm
Hvalynsk 2/8 stratocumulus (not foa… 3.3 ° W (270°) 4 m/s 87% 20 km since 12 hour(s): 5 mm
Indiga 5/8 stratocumulus (not foa… -7.2 ° ESE (110°) 5 m/s 95% 20 km
Ivanovo 8/8 stratocumulus (not foa… 2.9 ° NW (320°) 5 m/s 98% 10 km since 12 hour(s): 0.1 mm
Jarensk 2/8 altocumulus (predomina… -4.6 ° 84% 20 km
Jaskul
Joskar-Ola 8/8 stratus (fairly contia… 1.5 ° SSE (160°) 4 m/s 96% 20 km since 12 hour(s): 9 mm
Jur'Evec
Kalac
Kalevala 2/8 cumulonimbus (tops noa… 1.4 ° ESE (110°) 2 m/s 91% 50 km
Kamennaja Step cirrus (filaments, stranda… 1.9 ° WSW (240°) 5 m/s 75% 11 km
Kamensk-Sahtinskij
Kamysin
Kandalaksa shower(s) of snow, or of a… -0.2 ° 98% 20 km since 12 hour(s): 0.9 mm
Kanevka 2/8 cumulonimbus (tops fia… -4.3 ° 87% 50 km
Kanin Nos
Karabulak 8/8 altocumulus (progressa… 1.8 ° W (280°) 8 m/s 96% 20 km
Kargopol -4.0 ° 93% 20 km
Karpogory 7/8 or more but not 8/8 aa… 0.6 ° SSE (150°) 1 m/s 56% 20 km
Kasin
Kasira 0.5 ° WSW (240°) 2 m/s 100% 20 km since 12 hour(s): 0.5 mm
Kazan 8/8 stratus (fairly contia… 2.9 ° S (190°) 2 m/s 94% 4 km since 12 hour(s): 6 mm
Kazanskaja
Kepino 8/8 stratocumulus (not foa… 1.3 ° E (100°) 1 m/s 88% 10 km
Kingisepp 3/8 altocumulus (predomina… 3.8 ° SSW (200°) 2 m/s 86% 10 km since 12 hour(s): 0.4 mm
Kirov moderate rain 2.2 ° ENE (70°) 3 m/s 100% 4 km since 12 hour(s): 5 mm
Kirsanov 6/8 stratocumulus (not foa… 2.7 ° WSW (250°) 3 m/s 93% 10 km
Kizljar 8/8 stratocumulus (not foa… 12.2 ° WNW (290°) 5 m/s 86% 10 km
Klin cirrus (filaments, stranda… -0.1 ° 100% 10 km
Kocubej
Kojnas 5/8 altocumulus (mainly oa… -6.5 ° 89% 20 km
Kolezma 2/8 stratocumulus (not foa… -2.7 ° 99% 50 km
Kondopoga -0.5 ° SE (140°) 1 m/s 100% 9 km
Konevo -5.5 ° 97% 20 km
Konstantinovsk 2.6 ° NNW (330°) 1 m/s 70% 10 km
Koslan cirrus (filaments, stranda… -3.3 ° E (100°) 3 m/s 62% 50 km
Kostroma 8/8 stratocumulus (not foa… 2.4 ° W (280°) 3 m/s 100% 20 km since 12 hour(s): 2 mm
Kotel'Nic slight rain shower(s) 2.4 ° E (90°) 6 m/s 100% 7 km since 12 hour(s): 7 mm
Kotel'Nikovo
Kotlas 2/8 altocumulus (predomina… -2.4 ° 94% 50 km
Kovda -0.4 ° E (100°) 3 m/s 100% 20 km since 12 hour(s): 0.1 mm
Koz'Modem'Jansk slight rain shower(s) 1.5 ° SW (220°) 3 m/s 95% 10 km since 12 hour(s): 17 mm
Krasnaja Gora 3/8 cumulonimbus (tops fia… 6.3 ° SSE (160°) 2 m/s 60% 10 km
Krasnoscel'E state of the sky on the wa… -1.6 ° ENE (60°) 1 m/s 77% 20 km
Krasnye Baki slight rain 1.2 ° NNW (330°) 4 m/s 95% 20 km since 12 hour(s): 22 mm
Krasnyj Kut cirrus (filaments, stranda… 2.4 ° WSW (240°) 3 m/s 93% 10 km since 12 hour(s): 0.8 mm
Krasnyy Kholm mist -2.1 ° 99% 4 km
Kreml 2/8 stratocumulus (not foa… 1.7 ° SE (130°) 2 m/s 85% 20 km
Krestcy 2.1 ° ESE (120°) 1 m/s 94% since 12 hour(s): 0.7 mm
Kursk cirrus (filaments, stranda… 3.2 ° SW (220°) 1 m/s 56% 10 km
Lagan
Lesukonskoe 3/8 altocumulus (predomina… -2.0 ° ESE (110°) 2 m/s 58% 20 km
Liman
Lipeck 0.8 ° W (260°) 5 m/s 85% 10 km since 12 hour(s): 0.4 mm
Liski 2.6 ° W (270°) 2 m/s 67% 20 km
Livny 4/8 stratocumulus (not foa… 0.7 ° SW (230°) 1 m/s 86% 10 km
Ljuban 3.3 ° S (170°) 2 m/s 98% since 12 hour(s): 0.6 mm
Lodejnoe Pole mist 0.0 ° 100% 4 km since 12 hour(s): 0.8 mm
Lovozero slight shower(s) of snow -1.5 ° SE (130°) 3 m/s 86% 4 km since 12 hour(s): 0.2 mm
Lukojanov slight rain shower(s) 1.9 ° W (260°) 5 m/s 98% 9 km since 12 hour(s): 8 mm
Mahackala
Majkop 5/8 stratocumulus (not foa… 8.3 ° SSW (200°) 3 m/s 93% 20 km
Malojaroslavec 2/8 patches of altocumulua… -0.2 ° SSW (200°) 1 m/s 94% 20 km since 12 hour(s): 0.3 mm
Malye Derbety
Mcensk 5/8 altocumulus (predomina… 1.6 ° SSW (210°) 2 m/s 75% 10 km
Mec Mazra 3.9 ° ESE (120°) 1 m/s 72%
Medvezegorsk fog or ice fog, sky invisa… 0.0 ° SE (130°) 2 m/s 100% 200 m
Mezen 5/8 altocumulus (mainly oa… -0.2 ° SE (140°) 4 m/s 68% 50 km
Micurinsk mist 0.2 ° W (270°) 2 m/s 76% 4 km since 12 hour(s): 1 mm
Millerovo
Mineral'Nye Vody
Moncegorsk 8/8 cumulonimbus (tops fia… -0.7 ° S (170°) 2 m/s 86% 10 km since 12 hour(s): 0.2 mm
Morozovsk
Morsansk 3/8 altocumulus (predomina… 3.1 ° W (260°) 4 m/s 72% 10 km
Moseyevo 4/8 altocumulus (predomina… -2.1 ° SE (140°) 3 m/s 73% 20 km
Moskva
Motokhovo rain during past hour 2.2 ° SSE (150°) 3 m/s 95% 50 km since 12 hour(s): 0.8 mm
Mud'Jug
Murmansk slight shower(s) of snow -0.4 ° 87% 6 km since 12 hour(s): 0.5 mm
Nal'Cik
Naro-Fominsk cirrus (filaments, stranda… -0.2 ° S (190°) 1 m/s 96% 10 km since 12 hour(s): 0.3 mm
Nevinnomyssk cirrus (hooks or filamenta… 5.8 ° 80% 20 km
Nikel 2/8 stratocumulus (not foa… -1.5 ° ENE (70°) 1 m/s 89% 50 km since 12 hour(s): 0.1 mm
Nikol'Sk 6/8 stratocumulus (not foa… 1.6 ° N (360°) 2 m/s 89% 20 km
Nikolaevskoe 6/8 stratocumulus (not foa… 4.0 ° S (190°) 2 m/s 89% 22 km since 12 hour(s): 0.4 mm
Nikolo-Poloma slight rain 3.3 ° N (360°) 4 m/s 91% 4 km since 12 hour(s): 8 mm
Nizhny-Chir
Nizhnyaya Pesha 8/8 altocumulus (mainly oa… -3.4 ° SE (140°) 4 m/s 72% 20 km
Niznij Novgorod slight rain 3.8 ° NNW (330°) 4 m/s 94% 5000 m since 12 hour(s): 15 mm
Njandoma fog or ice fog, sky invisa… 1.0 ° E (100°) 1 m/s 100% 500 m
Nolinsk mist 3.3 ° ESE (120°) 3 m/s 97% 2 km since 12 hour(s): 5 mm
Novaja Ladoga slight rain shower(s) 2.1 ° SSE (160°) 4 m/s 92% 4 km since 12 hour(s): 0.9 mm
Novgorod shower(s) of rain during a… 3.9 ° S (170°) 3 m/s 91% 10 km since 12 hour(s): 0.1 mm
Novo-Jerusalim
Novoannenskij
Novodevic'E 2.8 ° SW (220°) 3 m/s 87% 50 km since 12 hour(s): 0.7 mm
Novyj Tor'Jal intermittent slight drizza… 2.5 ° S (170°) 4 m/s 100% 10 km since 12 hour(s): 4 mm
Nyuksenitsa 5/8 stratocumulus (not foa… 0.4 ° NE (40°) 1 m/s 96% 10 km
Ob " Jacevo 3/8 altocumulus (mainly oa… -1.3 ° NE (50°) 1 m/s 99% 20 km
Obojan 0.6 ° SW (230°) 1 m/s 92% 10 km
Ohony -1.9 ° 99%
Oktjabr'Skij Gorodok
Olonec 6/8 stratocumulus (not foa… -0.4 ° SE (130°) 3 m/s 99% 50 km
Onega 7/8 or more but not 8/8 sa… 1.8 ° ESE (120°) 1 m/s 89% 50 km
Oparino 8/8 stratocumulus (not foa… -0.3 ° NE (50°) 3 m/s 93% 50 km
Orel 6/8 altocumulus (predomina… 1.6 ° S (190°) 2 m/s 75% 20 km
Ostaskov
Ozinki 2/8 stratocumulus (not foa… 4.7 ° W (280°) 4 m/s 88% 50 km since 12 hour(s): 8 mm
Pacelma 8/8 stratus fractus or cua… 2.4 ° W (280°) 4 m/s 90% 10 km since 12 hour(s): 0.3 mm
Padany mist -0.1 ° ESE (120°) 3 m/s 100% 2 km since 12 hour(s): 1 mm
Padun state of the sky on the wa… -0.4 ° ENE (60°) 1 m/s 100% 20 km since 12 hour(s): 0.3 mm
Pallasovka
Pavelec cirrus (filaments, stranda… -0.1 ° W (260°) 1 m/s 97% 10 km since 12 hour(s): 0.7 mm
Pavlovskij Posad
Penza 6/8 cumulonimbus (tops fia… 3.5 ° W (260°) 4 m/s 93% 10 km
Petrokrepost clouds generally forming a… 3.0 ° S (180°) 2 m/s 99% 20 km since 12 hour(s): 0.8 mm
Petrozavodsk 6/8 stratocumulus (not foa… 1.2 ° S (190°) 2 m/s 89% 20 km
Pinega 8/8 cumulonimbus (tops fia… 0.1 ° SSW (200°) 1 m/s 82% 20 km
Pjalica -3.0 ° NE (40°) 4 m/s 85%
Pochinok
Ponyri 2/8 altocumulus (predomina… 1.3 ° SW (220°) 3 m/s 75% 20 km
Poti 11.4 ° WSW (240°) 2 m/s 95% 10 km
Primorsko-Ahtarsk
Pskov 4/8 altocumulus (predomina… 3.8 ° SSW (200°) 2 m/s 93% 20 km
Pudoz 1/8 or less but not 0/8 sa… -4.6 ° 96% 20 km
Pugacev 3.2 ° WSW (250°) 4 m/s 84% 10 km since 12 hour(s): 5 mm
Puskinskie Gory 6/8 altocumulus (predomina… 4.4 ° SSE (160°) 2 m/s 87% 20 km since 12 hour(s): 0.3 mm
Raznavolok
Reboly 8/8 cumulonimbus (tops fia… 1.4 ° SE (130°) 3 m/s 88% 26 km
Remontnoe
Rjazan
Rjazsk
Roslavl
Rostov
Rtiscevo 8/8 stratocumulus (not foa… 2.5 ° W (260°) 2 m/s 85% 10 km
Rudnya
Rybinsk
Sachkhere 8.8 ° W (270°) 4 m/s 100%
Sakun'Ja slight rain shower(s) 2.4 ° ENE (70°) 3 m/s 100% 10 km since 12 hour(s): 19 mm
Samara Bezencuk 2.7 ° SW (220°) 2 m/s 90% 20 km since 12 hour(s): 4 mm
Sar'Ja
Saransk mist 2.4 ° W (260°) 9 m/s 94% 4 km since 12 hour(s): 4 mm
Sasovo
Segeza
Senkursk slight rain shower(s) 2.0 ° E (90°) 1 m/s 96% 10 km since 12 hour(s): 0.6 mm
Serafimovic
Sergac slight rain 2.2 ° W (270°) 4 m/s 100% 4 km since 12 hour(s): 12 mm
Severodvinsk 6/8 altocumulus (predomina… 1.1 ° ESE (120°) 3 m/s 93% 20 km
Shangaly 0/8 altocumulus (with spra… 1.6 ° E (80°) 2 m/s 90% 10 km since 12 hour(s): 2 mm
Shirokiy Priluk 2/8 altocumulus (predomina… -3.1 ° E (100°) 1 m/s 98% 20 km
Smolensk
Sojna 2/8 stratocumulus (not foa… -10.0 ° E (100°) 5 m/s 92% 20 km
Sortavala slight rain shower(s) 1.2 ° SE (140°) 4 m/s 94% 4 km since 12 hour(s): 2 mm
Spas-Demensk 5/8 stratocumulus (not foa… 0.2 ° 86% 10 km
St. Peterburg state of the sky on the wa… 4.1 ° E (100°) 1 m/s 83% 10 km since 12 hour(s): 0.4 mm
Staraja Russa state of the sky on the wa… 3.8 ° SSE (160°) 2 m/s 86% 20 km
Stavropol
Suhinici 2/8 altocumulus (predomina… 1.9 ° WSW (240°) 1 m/s 75% 10 km
Sura 4/8 stratocumulus (not foa… -1.2 ° SE (130°) 2 m/s 63% 20 km
Surskoe slight rain 3.3 ° SW (230°) 5 m/s 87% 4 km since 12 hour(s): 3 mm
Svetlograd
Syzran 8/8 stratocumulus (not foa… 2.9 ° WSW (250°) 4 m/s 93% 10 km since 12 hour(s): 2 mm
Taganrog
Tambov cirrus (filaments, stranda… 1.6 ° WSW (250°) 6 m/s 84% 10 km since 12 hour(s): 0.3 mm
Tbilisi 6/8 cumulus (little vertia… 11.3 ° NNW (340°) 10 m/s 65% 50 km
Teberda
Temnikov 8/8 stratus fractus or cua… 3.1 ° W (280°) 4 m/s 79% 20 km since 12 hour(s): 0.4 mm
Teriberka 2/8 cumulonimbus (tops fia… -0.8 ° SSE (150°) 7 m/s 85% 20 km
Tetjusi 5/8 stratocumulus (not foa… 3.5 ° SSW (210°) 5 m/s 92% 20 km since 12 hour(s): 5 mm
Tihoreck 3.2 ° 91% 10 km
Tihvin 8/8 altocumulus (progressa… 1.2 ° SE (130°) 1 m/s 96% 10 km
Toropets slight rain shower(s) 2.8 ° SSW (200°) 2 m/s 94% 4 km since 12 hour(s): 0.7 mm
Tot'Ma 2/8 stratocumulus (not foa… 0.4 ° NNE (20°) 1 m/s 96% 10 km since 12 hour(s): 0.4 mm
Trubcevsk 4/8 altocumulus (predomina… 3.7 ° S (180°) 3 m/s 61% 10 km
Tuapse 8.5 ° 96% 20 km
Tula 2/8 altocumulus (predomina… 0.5 ° W (260°) 2 m/s 92% 10 km
Turcasovo fog or ice fog, having bea… -0.5 ° SE (130°) 2 m/s 99% 500 m
Tver
Uglic
Umba 7/8 or more but not 8/8 ca… 0.2 ° E (100°) 2 m/s 78% 50 km
Unskij Majak 4/8 stratocumulus (not foa… 1.5 ° ESE (110°) 3 m/s 96% 20 km
Urjupinsk
Uzlovaja
Vaida Guba Bay state of the sky on the wa… 0.7 ° S (170°) 3 m/s 94% 50 km since 12 hour(s): 0.3 mm
Valaam Island state of the sky on the wa… 1.4 ° SE (140°) 9 m/s 100% 20 km since 12 hour(s): 0.7 mm
Valujki -0.7 ° E (90°) 1 m/s 79% 20 km
Varzuga 0.0 ° E (90°) 4 m/s 88% 14 km
Vel'Sk 7/8 or more but not 8/8 sa… 2.3 ° ENE (70°) 1 m/s 96% 20 km since 12 hour(s): 0.8 mm
Velikie Luki shower(s) of rain during a… 4.4 ° SSW (200°) 2 m/s 95% 10 km since 12 hour(s): 1 mm
Velikij Ustjug 3/8 altocumulus (predomina… -0.2 ° NE (50°) 3 m/s 88% 10 km
Velizh
Vendinga -6.2 ° 98% 20 km
Verhnij Baskuncak
Verhnjaja Tojma 8/8 altocumulus (mainly oa… 0.7 ° ENE (60°) 1 m/s 73% 20 km
Verkhnaya Balkariya 3.5 ° 0 m/s 98%
Vetluga slight rain 2.5 ° NNE (20°) 3 m/s 99% 10 km since 12 hour(s): 15 mm
Vinnicy state of the sky on the wa… -1.9 ° 99% 50 km since 12 hour(s): 0.7 mm
Virtaniemi 6/8 stratocumulus (not foa… -2.8 ° NNE (30°) 1 m/s 96% 50 km
Vjaz'Ma
Vladimir
Volgograd 2.9 ° WNW (290°) 2 m/s 81% 10 km
Vologda fog or ice fog, sky visiba… -0.8 ° N (350°) 1 m/s 100% 500 m
Volzskaja Gmo slight rain 3.9 ° NW (320°) 4 m/s 90% 20 km since 12 hour(s): 5 mm
Voronez 3.2 ° W (260°) 3 m/s 69% 10 km
Vozega 1/8 or less but not 0/8 pa… 0.2 ° NE (50°) 1 m/s 99% 10 km
Vyborg state of the sky on the wa… 3.5 ° SSE (160°) 4 m/s 94% 20 km since 12 hour(s): 0.7 mm
Vyksa 8/8 stratocumulus (not foa… 3.7 ° WNW (300°) 5 m/s 84% 10 km
Vysnij Volocek
Vytegra cirrus (filaments, stranda… -2.6 ° 98% 10 km
Wladikavkaz
Yusta
Zametcino
Zerdevka 1.8 ° W (270°) 5 m/s 84% 20 km
Zimnegorskij Majak 7/8 or more but not 8/8 sa… 1.5 ° ESE (110°) 5 m/s 88% 20 km
Zimovniki
Zizgin 5/8 cumulonimbus (tops fia… 1.7 ° SSE (150°) 2 m/s 78% 20 km
Zugdidi 10.5 ° WSW (250°) 2 m/s 100%
Zukovka mist -0.1 ° SSE (150°) 1 m/s 88% 4 km

 

Sono disponibili dati meteorologici attuali, di archivio ( vento, precipitazioni, temperature, pressione, radiazione solare) per perizie, consulenze, studi di fattibilità di più di 5000 stazioni nel mondo nel formato che desideri XML, CSV, PDF.
The Datameteo family of services also includes weather data options. We offer a wide range of data 8 current or archive for more than 5000 locations in the world with a custom access to weather data in XML, CSV and PDF formats so that you can easily manipulate and integrate the weather information for your specific needs.